Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures

Each Franklin Templeton affiliated Investment Manager understands its fiduciary duty to vote proxies and further understands that proxy voting decisions may affect the value of shareholdings. U.S.-registered and other Investment Managers have adopted proxy voting policies and procedures that serve as a guideline for proxy voting decisions and detail the process by which such decisions are made.

Please click on the link below for your Investment Manager's current proxy voting policies and procedures.

• Fiduciary Investment Management International, Inc.
• Franklin Advisers, Inc.
• Franklin Advisory Services, LLC
• Franklin Bissett Investment Management
• Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC
• Franklin Templeton Asset Management (India) Private Limited
• Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC
• Franklin Templeton Investímentos (Brasil) Ltda.
• Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited
• Franklin Templeton Investments (Asia) Limited
• Franklin Templeton Investments (ME) Limited
• Franklin Templeton Investments Corp.
• Franklin Templeton Portfolio Advisors, Inc.
• Templeton Asset Management Ltd.
• Templeton Global Advisors Limited
• Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC

Advisory Clients may also request copies of their proxy voting records by calling the Franklin Templeton Proxy Group collect at 1-954-527-7678, or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 300 S.E. 2nd Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301, Attention: Proxy Group.